Iwdi Fulɓe wano Farba ADN faamiri (2) PDF Print E-mail

Kɗl: Wuuri Jallo, Antwerpen, Bejik.

DNAEn adorno limtugol saɗteendeeji yowitiiɗi e fannu iwdi Fulɓe. En hikkinay ɗoo ƴeewugol ko honɗum woni tasakuyeeji ADN (maa DNA e enngeleere).

Noone ɗiɗi e tasakuyeeji ADN hino ɓuri huutoreede e ndaarndagol iwdi leñol.

1. Y-DNA ko ko ndaarndotoo iwdi gorol. Ɗee maaɗe ko gorko tun ronata ɗe baaba mum. Si yimɓe ɗiɗo nanndii maande, haray hiɓe jeydi gorol hakkunde oo jamaanu e jamaanuuji sappo yawtuɗi.

2.  MtDNA ko ko ndaarndotoo maaɗe dewol. Ɗee maaɗe ko debbo tun ronata ɗe neene mum. Si yimɓe ɗiɗo nanndii maande, haray hiɓe jeydi dewol hakkunde oo jamaanu e jamaanuuji cappanɗe tati yawtuɗi.

Tasakuye ADN hino waawi hollude iwdiiji yimɓe no ɗi fuɗiri haa yottoo gorko arano (wano Kiikala) e debbo arano (wano Naagala). Aadama e Hawaa hino tawaa e innaaɓe gorko e debbo arano wano faamirɗen ka diina. Kono faamu ngun ɗoo hino seerti e ngu diina ngun, hino seerti kadi seeɗa e Kiikala mo tawal Fulɓe.

Kiikala mo tawal Fulɓe ko nanndo Aadama mo diina, kono tawal Fulɓe hino anndi Aadamaaɓe lomtondirɓe heewuɓe, wonaa gooto pet. Sabu ɗum hoolini lam wonde tawal Fulɓe hino yahdi e tasakuyeeji ADN.

Mo limii taway yonaali duuɓi 10,000 gila Aadama (mo diina) fuɗi, kono Kiikala-ADN hino tuumaa wonde o wuuriino nder Afrik gila duuɓi 75,000. Naagala-ADN hino hecciri Kiikala-ADN duuɓi 65,000.  

Wota en faaytindir Aadama e Kiikala, wota en faaytindir Kiikala-ADN e Kiikala-Pullo. Wota en sikku kadi, Kiikala-ADN wuuridaano e worɓe goo, sabu ko inni mo Kiikala ko tawde alaa gorko mo maande mum ronaa si wonaa iwuɗo e Kiikala.

E haala Enngeleere :

haplogroup (iwde e ɗemngal gerek), ko waaweten fulirde haploguruppu

haplotype, fuliren ɗum ɗoo kadi haplotippu

mutation, e fulfulde waylital maa baylital

markers, e fulfulde maaɗe

STR markers, e fulfulde maaɗe STR

Ɓiɓɓe Kiikala hino senndora baylite e baŋŋe ndonngu maandinɗe haploguruppuuji, kala haploguruppu hino mari haplotippu e mum, kala haplotippu kadi hino mari maande. Tasakuyeeji ADN hino ɓuri nii jilɓude, ko newingol faamu tun waɗi mi sifori e ndii ɗoo mbaadi. 

Haploguruppu gorol adiiɗo on ko A innetee.

Nde lajal timmi haploguruppu ɗiɗaɓo fuɗi, o wi’aa BT.

Ko BT woni iwdi haploguruppuuji heddiiɗi fow, sabu A nonnontinaali (diversify) haa jooni.

Haploguruppuuji fuɗuɗi e BT ɗin ko B e CT; haa jooni B nonnontinaali.

Wano nii haploguruppuuji fuɗiri haa yottii e T.

Kono non, wota en sikku ko T ɓuri hesiɗude e haploguruppuuji, sabu T hino  adori R duuɓi 20,000.

Fahin, haplotip jeyaaɗo e haploguruppu R ɓurɗo hecciɗude on heɓaali tawo duuɓi 20,000.

Hino tawaa e baylite A ɗen wano M91 e P97.

Baylite BT ɗen ko wano SRY10831.1, M42, M94, e M139. 

Anndugol haploguruppu mo goɗɗo jeyaa e mum hino joopoo ko honto e aduna tawaaɓe e on haploguruppu ɓuri heewude. Kono ko maande haplotip on ɓurata hollude iwdi makko. 

Nde yimɓe Afrik 3550 ndaarndanoo, tawano hedde 6% e maɓɓe ko nder haploguruppu A limtetee. Ɓee ko South-Africa, Namibiya, Sudaan, e Eccopi heewi hoɗirde hannde. Heewuɓe e yimɓe Erop e Ñaamo-Aasii ko nder haploguruppu R limtetee.

Tasakuyeeji dewol (mtDNA) kadi hino mari haploguruppuuji, baylite/maaɗe, e haplotippuuji feereeji. Inɗeele ɗen ɗoo hino nanndi e ɗee ka gorol kono ɗe jeydaa, ɗe yiidaa. Miɗo limitoo ɗoo yoga e haploguruppuuji dewol e no ɗi hoɗiri e nder nokkuuje aduna :

Leyɗe Afirik mo Ɓaleeɓe (Sub-Saharan Africa): L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7

Hirnaange Ero-Aasii (Eastern Eurasia): N (H, T, U, VX, K, I, J, W)

Fuɗnaange Ero-Aasii (western Eurasia): A, B, M (C, D, E, G), F, Y

Lasliiɓe Amerik (native America): A, B, C, D, X

Ostaraali (Australia /Oceania): P, Q, S

En heɓii jooni tugaale yeru ko faamiren tasakuyeeji ADN.  Jokken jooni tasakuyeeji 7, suuten fensiten ko ɗi tawi e Fulɓe ndaarndaaɓe ɓen. Tasakuyeeji 3 hino ndaarndii gorol, ɗi tati hino ndaarndii dewol. Gootol hino ndaarndii ko wonaa gorol maa dewol, fii yo golle ɗee huɓindo fannu iwdi Fulɓe ko aldaa e jinngangol senngo. 

A.

"A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes" by Fulvio Cruciani et al.

Oo tasakuye hino waɗi Y-DNA fii lincitugol (investigate) ruttaade to Afrik mo Ɓaleeɓe (sub-saharan Africa) immorde Aasii. 

Gorol worɓe 608 hoɗube e leyɗe Afrik 22 ndaarndaama. Fulɓe 20 hoɗuɓe Burkina, e Fulɓe 17 hoɗube Kamerun  tawnaama e ngoo ndaarndo. 

Ko ɓuri heewude e ndaarndaaɓe iwruɓe Afrik mo Ɓaleeɓe ko baylital M89 holli iwdi maɓɓe. Hino anndaa M89 ko maande anndinnde fii haploguruppu F, iwɗo Fuɗnaange-Nano Afrik gila duuɓi 45,000 jooni. Ko immorde ferunooɓe yahdi e M89  Aasii (takko Iran), baylital M9 anndini haploguruppu K, heɓii nii duuɓi 40,000. 

Yiiraaɓe baylite ɗe wonaa ɗe Afrik fow ko M9 jogii, si wonaa yiiraaɓe baylite ɗiɗi (M207 e M173) yi’aaɗe ka Ouldeme e ka Fulɓe hoɗuɓe nano Kamerun. Ɗee baylite ɗiɗi hino e 40% ndaarndaaɓe hoɗuɓe nano Kamerun. 

M207 ko e M9 iwi fii maandingol haploguruppu inneteeɗo R waɗii duuɓi 26,800; refti M173 fuɗi immorde e M207 fii maandingol haploguruppu inneteeɗo R1.

Baylite goo anndiraaɗe Ero-Aasii yi’aaɗe ɗoo ɗen ko M269, SRY10831, M17, e M73. haplotippuuji ɗiɗi (117 e 109) jeyaaɗi Ero-Aasii ko hoɗuɓe Kamerun tun yi’raa. Haplotippu-117 on ko e haploguruppuuji maandiniraaɗi M173 limtetee, kono denɗu mum 117b (saakitiiɗo Erop) ko M269 maandiniraa. 

Ko honno heewɓe e hoɗube nano Kamerun heɓiri baylite jeyaaɗe Ero-Aasii? Tawde haplotippuuji ɗi lasili mum maandori M9 ɗin fow ko Aasii tun yi’aa, e tawde haplotippuuji jibinɗi 117 e 109 ɗin y’iaama Fuɗnaange Asii, no yoni seedee wondema ko iwruɓe Asii  jeyi  haplotippuuji ɗin.  

Hay fii gannde goo (ganndal neɗɗaagu maa antropoloji) hino seeditii ruttagol Afrik yimɓe immorɓe Aasii ko neeɓaali, tasakuye ADN hino tinndini ka ruttagol marɓe M173 ɓen laatoo hakkunde duuɓi 2,400 e 8,000 ado hannde. Hoɗuɓe Erop, Amerik, e Osiyanii fow ko Aasii woni iwdi maɓɓe. 

Hino tawaa e ko feeñi e lasindaare nden haplotippu 1C yiiraaɗo 13% nder Misrankooɓe; on ko haplotippu ɓadiiɗo haplotippu 117 yiiraaɗo Fulɓe Kamerun on. 

Hino tawaa kadi e ko feeñi e oo tasakuyee, haplotippu-43 yiiraaɗo 53% Fulɓe Kamerun on. Nder yimɓe 608 ko Fulɓe Kamerun tun tawaa e on haplotippu. Wallifiiɓe oo tasakuyee hino lamndii ka tasakuyeeji waɗee e dow baylital M33 maandinngal haplotippuuji 42 e 43. Ɗii haplotippuuji (42 e 43) hino saakitii nder leyɗe Afrik mo Ɓaleeɓe, kadi hiɗe laatii seedee yimɓe ɓe remooɓe eggini e koɗooli mum. Baylital M33 ngal hino maandini haploguruppu E1a jeyaaɗo Hirnaange Afrik. 

Haplotippu 24 on hino tawree 90% Fulɓe Burkina. On haplotippu e ɓinngel makko (haplotippu 22) hino saakitii nder leyɗe Afrik mo Ɓaleeɓe e leƴƴi ɗin fow, teeŋtinii hiirnaange Afrik. Tasakuyeeji kesi hollii wondema saakitaare ɗii haplotippuuji neeɓaali ko waɗi. Tasakuyeeji kiɗɗi sikkuno ko saakitaare leƴƴi Bantu’en (immorde hakkunde hiirnaange Afrik yahrude ñaamo Afrik) wonnoo ko nawri ton haplotippuuji 24 e 22.

Waawataa wonirde non sabu saakitaare ɗii haplotippuuji ko nano e hirnaange Afrik feewtiri. Haplotippu 22 yi’aama ko yahata 23% nder Kamerun, hino yi’aa yeru 1% nder Senegal. Kono haplotippu 24 yi’aama yeru 26% nder Kamerun, hino yi’aa yeru 81% nder Senegal. Ko waɗata yo haplotippuuji ɗii saakitor nii ko si tawii 24 duuminoke nder hiirnaange Afrik ado haplotippu 22 iwude e makko.

Ko sabu saakitaare ɗii haplotippuuji ɗiɗi waɗi si Afrk mo Ɓaleeɓe hino yiitidi e baŋŋe ndonngu haa tawi ceertal leƴƴi ngal wonaa ko heertori ceertal nokkuuje e baŋŋe ndonngu ngun.

Yo mi timminir limtude no Fulɓe tawraa e haplotippuuji yi’aaɗie oo tasakuye: 

·         Fulɓe Burkina:

o   (90%) hino renndaa ka haplotippu-24,

o   (10% ) ko ka haplotippu-42 renndaa.

·         Fulɓe Kamerun:

o   (53%) haplotippu-43,

o   (12%) haplotippu-2,

o   (12%) haplotippu-117,

o   (18%) haplotippu-109,

o   (6%) haplotippu-28

Ko oo ɗoo tasakuyee tun ɗɗini lam haala, tasakuyeeji 6 heddiiɗi ɗin newoto si Alla jaɓii. Taway en fuɗɗii yiide ko wondi e hakkil e oo fannu? Si niɓe hino woodi haa jooni, muññoɗen yanndi, sabu nde tasakuyeeji ɗin fow mooɓitaa hentoto wes.

www.peeral.com

 
Comments (10)
10 Wednesday, 05 May 2010 11:06
malal
Md Wuuri a jaaraama, mi weltike fota. Jooni a anndintii lam ko yejjitunoo kon...

Yo Alla reenu en, addana en fiira e fehre.
9 Monday, 03 May 2010 22:27
Wuuri
Md Malal ko non woniri, hadiis on ko e waaju nelaaɗo (saw) sakkitoro woni: "kullukum min Aadam wa Aadam min turaab, laa fadl li arabi alaa ajami, walaa li ajami alaa arabi, walaa li abyad alaa aswad, walaa li aswad alaa abyad illaa bittaqwaa". Arabu e ko wonaa Arabu, ɓaleeɓe e daneeɓe ɓurdaa si wonaa e kulol Alla.

Min kadi mi duumaaki e jannde diina, kono mi janngay wonde wonde.

Si tawii kadi yimɓe fow maayuno si wonaa annabi Nuuhu e ɓiɓɓe mun, haray mo innii en fow ko e annabi Nuuhu iwɗen o haalii goonga. Ko wano nii si innaama en fow ko e Aadama iwɗen ko goonga kadi, kono ɗum firaali wondema Aadama iwraali e goɗɗo goo. Ko waɗi si mi lamndii si hino woodi ka wa'aa ko Aadama adii neɗɗo fow ka Qur'aana.
Hay ka Hawaa, hino wi'aa Aadam hino mari debbo ko laaɓi pos, kono ko firo tun takki innde Hawaa nden e on debbo. Kadi innaaka ko kanko woni debbo arano. Ko wano ɓeyngu annabi Nuuhu, ko o debbo Nuuhu mo yimɓe fow innata baaba, kono beynguuli ɓiɓɓe Nuuhu ɓen innataamo neene.

A jaaraama Md Malal. Mi weltorii ko jaabiɗaa koo. Yo Alla addan en moƴƴere haa pooma.
8 Monday, 03 May 2010 18:26
malal
Md Wuuri a jaaraama kadi!
Ko yowitii e ko lamndiɗaa kon, accu hakkee mi jaabora nii:
-Wonaa mi ganndo diina, wurin wonaa mi ganndo haa ton, kono miɗo yiɗi lamndagol fota non, teeŋti e sugu ɗee binndanɗe kelɗuɗe yaltooje e Peeral, mi janngii ɗoo piiji ɗi limotaako.
-Mi wiino hino jantaa e “defte diina” mi toɗɗanooki Qur’aana on.
-Wiigol ko e baaba Aadam (mo diina) yimɓe ɓen fow fuɗi, ko seedee maaku Nulaaɗo (saw) mo mi janngunoo neeɓii (kono mi yejjitii ko e deftere honnde ɓay wonaa yo mi fenu), e on hadiise Nulaaɗo Mammadu hino jantora nii: “kullukum min Aadam wa Aadam min turaab…” On fow ko immorde e Aadama, Aadama le ko immorde e mbullaydi (punndi)… Hino feeñi e nder mum wonde yimɓe ɓen fow ko immorde e Aadama. Miɗo toroo kala waawuɗo timminde oo hadiise yo wallito men, sabu goonga ko Md Wuuri wi’i kon, ko ɓeydondiral wonɗen, en fow.
-Hella ka jantagol Hawaa ka nder Qur’aana, hay si tawii helmere ‘Hawaa’nden alaa nder ton, annden doo wondema himo sappaa nder ton, wano ka Alla daali ɗon “…wa qulnaa yaa Aadamu uskun anta wa jawjukal jannata, walaa taqrabaa haajis-shajarata…” ( Men wi’i hoɗu an e ɓeyngu maa ka nder njarnere, hara on ɓadaaki kii lekki…) ɓeyngu makko e nder ngal aayewal, firooɓe ɓen fop, ko Hawaa innata…
Ko nii mi anndiri, a jaaraama e ngal ganndal ngal wonɗaa e addude e binndi Fulfulde (Pular). Yo Alla yoɓu en fow ko moƴƴi haa poomaa.
7 Monday, 03 May 2010 11:18
Wurie
Md. Ngaynaako a ɓeydanii lam faamu, a jaaraama. Si tawii nde neɗɗo teddinaa fof ko o banii Aadama, nde o hoynaa fof ko o Neɗɗo, maa wooda ko ɗum faandii.

Ko goonga maa Annabi Nuuhu ena wona Aadamaajo (malla Kiikala). Mi winnduno wota en faytindir Aadama mo diina e Kiikala (neɗɗo arano). Aadama ko gooto si en rewrii bindi diina.

Winndande ndee ko faamu jannde ADN woni hollude. Eɗen anndi jannde ndee to yedduɓe diina fawtii ɗum. Ɗum haɗataa julɗo Alla jannga ko ɓe anndi.

Ganndal e Goonga wonaa gootum; hino woodi goongaaji ɗi anndaaka, goɗɗi anndortaako hakkil.
Wonaa kala ganndal kadi woni goonga; e yeru, hay ɗowdi leggal hino woodi, kono so neɗɗo hoolike ko ɗowdi ndii woni leggal (fii tun oo yi'aali tawo leggal), haray o anndii ko wonaa Goonga.

Alla no yiɗi ɗaɓɓoowo ganndal sabu ko nder ɗum o anndata goonga. Ganndal diina e ganndal karallaagal wonaa laawol gootol rewata, wonaa ɓetirgal gootal ɗetirta, sabu diina lamndaaki neɗɗo yo'o tiiɗno anndirde oo aduna wa luttoowo wuurde.

Mi salminiima Md Ngaynaako yo Allo ɓeydane ɓamtal.
6 Saturday, 01 May 2010 23:09
Ngaynaako
Min mi sikki tun Aadama ko gooto, ko banii Adama en woni duudu be! kono banii Aadama kadi no jammee Aadama,wano Annabi Nuuhu, 6awo ko tsunamii on waduno, Alla halki ko wonikon ko hoore leydi fof ,ko dadunoo woo ko kon ko wonnuno to laana makko,6awo dum o jammaa Adama 2 (dimmo)!
Kadi si en taskike Al-quraan, en taway tuma kala fow Alla yewtata fii teddungal Neddo ko :Helmere Aadama malla banii Adama O gollitirta.
kono simo yewtude fii jaasere malla lo'ere ko helmere Neddo O gollitirta,mi adda yeru : Suuratuwol innitiraangol ngol Neddo Alla ko fuddoringol ko sifagol tawo fii to66ere nde neddo on tagiraa kon ,kenente hay Al-quraana hersay sifagol fii dam diyam, hakkee ko dam nyiddi!
Tuma nde O yewtunoo fii teddungal " suurat al israa'i " too ! Dom O daali: Pellet men teddinii Banii Aadama.
Haray mido sikkitora jarnugol md wuuri ngam ndee winndande WUURU BARKAA MAWDO PULLO! Aamina!!!
5 Saturday, 01 May 2010 08:40
Sada
Ajaraama musido Wuri. Mi etiima famde ko winda ko. Won o paami he ko hewi, won k mi famaani. sabu pulaar ne yaaji Sa waawano wadde ko porto6e mbiyata "lexique" ma moxano
4 Thursday, 29 April 2010 23:05
Wuuri
Md Malal ko lamndal hittungal adduɗon, on jaaraama sanne.
Mi jaaboray faamu-am ngun, sabu ganndal ko Alla tun hunndi.

- Ko Baaba Aadama jantaaɗo ka Qur’aana woni Aadama mo diina e ndee winndannde.

- Kiikala ADN hino hecci Aadama mo diina si yaaraama ka limugol duuɓi. Kono si en tawnii wondema ñallal Joomiraawo hino fota e duuɓi wuluure e limoore yimɓe
(وَإِنَّ يَوْمًا عِندَ رَبِّكَ كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِّمَّا تَعُدُّونَ
)
(Suuratul-Hajji aaya 47), haray en anndaa ko hommbo hecci.

Ado mi ɓeydude, yo mi hollitu wondema, ko Qur’aana on mi hoolii, wonaa miijooji yimɓe fawiiɗi e yeru hakkil maɓɓe.

Nder Suuratul-Bagara (aaya 30 haa 33), Joomiraawo daalanno malaa'ika'en wondema O waɗay lomtotooɗo ka leydi. Malaa'ika'en lamndii si Alla waɗay ton bonooɓe rufooɓe ƴiiƴam. Alla daali Himo anndi ko ɓe anndaa, nden O janni Aadama innɗe piiji fow O lamndii si malaa'ika'en hino anndi innɗe ɗii piiji. Tawi ɓe anndaa ɗum, ɓe anndaa ko wirnii .

Jooni si tawii malaa'ika'en hino anndi wondema yimɓe waɗay bone ka aduna, kono ɓe anndaa inɗe piiji ɗii, ɓe anndaa kadi ko wirnii, ko honno ɓe anndiri suga Aadam ko waɗata ka leydi? Ko tawde ɓe seedinoke yeru mum, sabu malaa'ika hottataako haalataa ko anndaa.

Aadama diina ko Kaliifa (lomtinaaɗo). Ko honɗum o lomtinaa? Senndindirgol e suɓagol hakkunde ko moƴƴi e ko boni. Ko jinnaaji ɗin marnoo nguu kaliifu ka aduna, Ibliisa (lamɗo jinna on) tawi ɗum hawranaa mo, neɗɗo mo iwdi loopal waawaa laamaade jinnaaji tagiraaɗi yiite.Ko nii bewre jinnaaji liɓiri feere majji; ko nii ɓewre neɗɗo kadi liɓirta neɗɗo sikkuɗo o heɓɓii ganndal ɓuri ngal Ibliisa e jinna; nden tagu goo okkee kaliifa on si Alla yiɗii.

Kiikala mo tawal Fulɓe wonaa gooto; Ko Aadamaaɓe lomtondirɓe.
Yo mi accu wa ɗoo sabu haala kaa hino yaaji sanne.
Yo mi lamndo min kadi ko honto winndii nder Qur’aana wondema ko Aadama gorko arano on wi'etee? Hino winndii ko e wonkii gooti yimɓe iwi. Kadi inndi Hawaaa alaa ka nder Qur’aana.

A jaaraama Md Malal, haray en jaaɓondiray ɓeydondiren
3 Thursday, 29 April 2010 20:27
malal
Md Wuuri a jaaraama fota,

Miɗo faalaa yo a fensitan’am koo ko arata ley ɗoo:

-Aadama mo diina (hara ko on jantaa to Qur’aana, maa ka defte diina), maa mo inneten on ‘Baaba Aadam’?
-Honno Aadama ADN hecciri Aadama mo diina, e hoore defte diina hino jantii wonde ko Aadama e Hawwaa adaa tageede e yimɓe fow, luttuɓe ɓen fow ko e ɓen ɗon ɗiɗo fuɗi?

Ehino ley ɗoo ka mi suuti lamndal am ngal ɗon, wano hollirɗaa non ka binndi ley ɗoo:
“Mo limii taway yonaali duuɓi 10,000 gila Aadama (mo diina) fuɗi, kono Kiikala-ADN hino tuumaa wonde o wuuriino nder Afrik gila duuɓi 75,000. Naagala-ADN hino hecciri Kiikala-ADN duuɓi 65,000.”

Yo Alla ɓeydan en ballal. Golle mon hino moƴƴi fes!
2 Wednesday, 28 April 2010 10:44
Wuuri
Cerno Tijjani, a jaaraama.

Peeral jaaraama ɓe fewnii haa binndi ɗii hino faamoo. Hay min winnduɗo on ko yo mi sattino si mi faama ko winndumi koo. Ko nii woni mbaadi binndi 'teknik'.

Jaka Fulɓe Burkina e Fulɓe Kamerun hawtaa baaba; jaka hino woodi Fulɓe ɓe gorol mun iwri Aasii; jaka Fulɓe heewuɓe ko remooɓe eggini ɗum; jaka Fulɓe hino tawaa e ko yuɓɓindiri leƴƴi Hirnaange Afrik. Jaka hino heddii buy ko en anndaali tawo. ...
1 Tuesday, 27 April 2010 15:21
TIJJANI
ON JAARAAMA CERNO WUURI ON HOLLII GANNDAL MAWNGAL ƊOO. JAKA YOO MIƊO WAAWI FAAMUDE ƊII JIƁI-LIƁIIJI JILƁUƊI. JAKA KO JANNGUƊAA E ƊEMNGAL MAA A FAAMAY. KALA HUUNDE KALA HINO WOWLOO E HAALAA PULAR. MOODI WUURI E KALA WONƁE ƁAAWO HAA NDEE WINNDANDE YALTIRI NO FAAMORA ON JAARAAMA

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